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散熱對高亮度LED影響究竟有多大？

來源： | 發布日期：2023-02-16

全球性的能源短缺和环境污染状况，LED显示屏以其节能及环保的特点有着广阔的应用空间，在照明领域中LED发光产品的应用正吸引着世人的目光。一般来说， LED灯工作是否稳定，品质好坏，与灯体本身散热至关重要，目前市场上的高亮度LED灯的散热，常常采用自然散热，效果并不理想。LED光源打造的LED 灯具，由LED、散热结构、驱动器、透镜组成，因此散热也是一个重要的部分，如果LED不能很好散热、它的寿命也会受影响。

　　熱量管理是高亮度LED應用中的主要問題

　　由于III族氮化物的p型摻雜受限于Mg受主的溶解度和空穴的較高啓動能，熱量特別容易在p型區域中産生，這個熱量必須通過整個結構才能在熱沈上消散;LED器件的散熱途徑主要是熱傳導和熱對流;Sapphire襯底材料極低的熱導率導致器件熱阻增加，産生嚴重的自加熱效應，對器件的性能和可靠性産生毀滅性的影響。

　　熱量對高亮度LED的影響

　　熱量集中在尺寸很小的芯片內，芯片溫度升高，引起熱應力的非均勻分布、芯片發光效率和螢光粉激射效率下降;當溫度超過一定值時，器件失效率呈指數規律增加。統計資料表明，元件溫度每上升2℃，可靠性下降10%。當多個LED密集排列組成白光照明系統時，熱量的耗散問題更嚴重。解決熱量管理問題已成爲高亮度LED應用的先決條件。

　　芯片尺寸與散熱的關系

提高功率LED顯示屏的亮度最直接的方法是增大輸入功率，而爲了防止有源層的飽和必須相應地增大p-n結的尺寸;增大輸入功率必然使結溫升高，進而使量子效率降低。單管功率的提高取決于器件將熱量從p-n結導出的能力、在保持現有芯片材料、結構、封裝工藝、芯片上電流密度不變及等同的散熱條件下，單獨增加芯片的尺寸，結區溫度將不斷上升。

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The great religious movement of the sixth and fifth centuries—chiefly represented for us by the names of Pythagoras, Aeschylus, and Pindar—would in all probability have entirely won over the educated classes, and given definiteness to the half-articulate utterances of popular tradition, had it not been arrested prematurely by the development of physical236 speculation. We showed in the first chapter that Greek philosophy in its earliest stages was entirely materialistic. It differed, indeed, from modern materialism in holding that the soul, or seat of conscious life, is an entity distinct from the body; but the distinction was one between a grosser and a finer matter, or else between a simpler and a more complex arrangement of the same matter, not between an extended and an indivisible substance. Whatever theories, then, were entertained with respect to the one would inevitably come to be entertained also with respect to the other. 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